Terms & Definitions

Window Tinting Terms

VLT (Visible Light Transmission)

The percentage of visible light that passes through the window film. Lower VLT numbers mean darker tint (e.g., 5% VLT is very dark, 70% VLT is very light). California law requires 70% VLT minimum on front side windows.

Ceramic Tint

Premium window film containing ceramic particles that block heat and UV rays without interfering with electronic signals. Offers superior heat rejection and clarity compared to dyed or metallic films. Does not fade or change color over time.

Related: Nano-ceramic, IR rejection

IR Rejection (Infrared Rejection)

The ability of window film to block infrared radiation, which is responsible for most of the heat that enters through windows. High-quality ceramic films can achieve 90%+ IR rejection, significantly reducing cabin temperature.

UV Protection

Window film's ability to block ultraviolet (UV) rays that cause skin damage and interior fading. Quality films block 99%+ of harmful UV-A and UV-B rays, protecting both passengers and vehicle interiors.

Dyed Film

Entry-level window film that uses dye to reduce light transmission. Less expensive but offers minimal heat rejection and can fade over time. Best for appearance rather than performance.

Metallic Film

Window film containing metallic particles for enhanced heat rejection. More reflective than ceramic but can interfere with GPS, radio, and cell phone signals. Mid-range option between dyed and ceramic.

Windshield Strip

A tinted band applied to the top portion of the windshield (typically 4-6 inches) to reduce sun glare. Legal in most states when kept within the AS-1 line marked on the windshield.

Paint Protection Film (PPF) Terms

PPF (Paint Protection Film)

A clear or colored thermoplastic urethane film applied to vehicle surfaces to protect against rock chips, scratches, bug damage, and minor abrasions. Also known as "clear bra" or "clear wrap."

Self-Healing

Technology in modern PPF where minor scratches and swirl marks disappear when exposed to heat (from sunlight or hot water). The film's elastomeric polymers return to their original smooth state, maintaining a flawless appearance.

Related: Top coat, elastomeric polymer

Urethane Film

The material used in quality PPF, known for its flexibility, durability, and clarity. Thermoplastic urethane (TPU) resists yellowing, peeling, and cracking while providing excellent impact protection.

Full Front Coverage

Complete PPF protection for the front of the vehicle, including full hood, full fenders, front bumper, headlights, mirrors, and A-pillars. The most comprehensive protection package for high-impact areas.

Partial Coverage

Strategic PPF application to high-impact areas such as the front bumper, hood leading edge, mirror caps, door edges, and rear bumper loading area. Cost-effective protection for critical zones.

Full Body Wrap

Complete vehicle coverage with PPF, protecting every painted surface. Offers maximum protection and maintains resale value but requires significant investment. Popular for exotic and luxury vehicles.

Edge Tucking

Installation technique where film edges are wrapped around panel edges and tucked into gaps for a seamless, OEM appearance. Prevents film edges from lifting and creates a nearly invisible finish.

Pre-Cut vs. Bulk Film

Pre-cut: Computer-designed patterns cut specifically for each vehicle model, ensuring precise fit with minimal trimming. Bulk film: Hand-cut during installation for custom applications. Pre-cut reduces installation time and risk of blade marks.

Hydrophobic

A water-repelling property found in premium PPF top coats. Water beads up and rolls off the surface, making the vehicle easier to clean and maintain. Similar to ceramic coating effects.

Vinyl Wrap Terms

Cast Vinyl

Premium vinyl film manufactured through a casting process, resulting in a thin, conformable material ideal for wrapping complex curves. More durable and longer-lasting than calendered vinyl, typically 7-10 years.

Calendered Vinyl

Economy vinyl film made by rolling (calendering) the material, resulting in thicker, less flexible film. Best for flat surfaces and shorter-term applications (3-5 years). Less expensive than cast vinyl.

Color Change Wrap

Complete transformation of a vehicle's appearance by wrapping all painted surfaces in a new color. Fully reversible process that protects original paint and allows for customization without permanent modification.

Chrome Wrap

Highly reflective vinyl that creates a mirror-like chrome finish. Available in various colors (chrome blue, rose gold, etc.). Requires expert installation due to visibility of any imperfections.

Matte Finish

Non-reflective vinyl finish that provides a flat, sophisticated appearance. Popular for luxury and exotic vehicles. Requires special care products to maintain the matte appearance.

Satin Finish

A finish between matte and gloss, offering subtle sheen without high reflectivity. Combines the elegance of matte with easier maintenance. Less prone to showing fingerprints and smudges.

Color Flip / Color Shift

Special effect vinyl that appears to change colors depending on viewing angle and lighting. Creates dramatic, eye-catching appearance. Examples include chameleon, flip flop, and iridescent finishes.

Carbon Fiber Vinyl

Textured vinyl that replicates the appearance of real woven carbon fiber. Available in various patterns (2D, 3D, 4D, 5D) with different depths and realism. Popular for accents and interior trim.

Accent Wrap

Partial vinyl application to specific vehicle elements like roof, hood, mirrors, or trim pieces. Cost-effective way to customize appearance without full vehicle wrap.

Removability

The ability to remove vinyl wrap without damaging the underlying paint. Quality cast vinyl removes cleanly when properly installed and removed within its rated lifespan. Heat application aids removal.

Paint Correction Terms

Paint Correction

The process of removing surface imperfections from vehicle paint through controlled abrasion (polishing). Eliminates swirl marks, scratches, water spots, and oxidation to restore a flawless, mirror-like finish.

Swirl Marks

Fine circular scratches in paint caused by improper washing techniques, automatic car washes, or poor quality towels/applicators. Most visible on dark colored vehicles under direct lighting.

Single-Stage vs. Multi-Stage Correction

Single-stage uses one polishing step for minor correction. Multi-stage (2-3 steps) involves compounding to remove defects, then progressively finer polishing for maximum gloss and depth. Multi-stage delivers superior results.

Compounding

The first aggressive step in paint correction using abrasive compounds to remove deeper scratches and defects. Removes more clear coat material to level the surface. Must be followed by polishing to refine the finish.

Related: Cutting, heavy correction

Polishing

Refining step that removes micro-scratches left by compounding and enhances gloss. Uses less aggressive abrasives to create a smooth, reflective surface. Final polishing creates the "wet look" finish.

Wet Sanding

Controlled sanding of clear coat using ultra-fine sandpaper (1500-3000 grit) and water to remove severe defects like orange peel, deep scratches, or nibs. Requires extensive polishing afterward. Expert-level technique.

Orange Peel

Textured appearance in paint that resembles orange skin, caused by improper spray gun technique or environmental conditions during painting. Can be removed through wet sanding and polishing for glass-smooth finish.

Clear Coat

Transparent protective layer applied over base color coat in modern automotive paint systems. Paint correction works within the clear coat layer. Typical clear coat thickness is 1.5-2.5 mils (thousandths of an inch).

Paint Depth Gauge

Instrument used to measure paint thickness in microns or mils. Essential for safe paint correction to ensure sufficient clear coat remains after polishing. Prevents burn-through to base coat.

Dual-Action (DA) Polisher

Safer polishing machine that combines rotation with oscillation, reducing the risk of burning through paint or creating holograms. Ideal for enthusiasts and provides consistent results. Slower but safer than rotary polishers.

Holograms / Buffer Trails

Micro-marring in paint caused by improper polishing technique, typically from rotary polishers. Appears as circular distortions or light trails. Removed through proper finishing polish and technique.

Ceramic Coating Terms

Ceramic Coating

Liquid polymer that chemically bonds with vehicle paint to create a permanent or semi-permanent protective layer. Provides hydrophobic properties, UV protection, chemical resistance, and enhanced gloss. Not a replacement for PPF.

SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide)

The primary ingredient in ceramic coatings, creating a hard, glass-like protective layer. Higher SiO2 concentration generally means better durability and hydrophobic properties. Professional-grade coatings typically contain 70%+ SiO2.

9H Hardness

Rating on the pencil hardness scale indicating coating resistance to scratches. 9H is the highest rating, meaning the coating is harder than a 9H pencil. Provides scratch resistance but doesn't prevent all damage.

Note: Does not prevent rock chips or key scratches

Hydrophobic Effect

Water-repelling property where water beads up into tight spheres and rolls off the surface, carrying dirt with it. Makes washing easier and reduces water spotting. Contact angle of 100°+ indicates excellent hydrophobicity.

Flash Time / Cure Time

Flash time: Initial period (5-20 minutes) before buffing off excess coating. Cure time: Full hardening period (24 hours to 2 weeks) when coating reaches maximum hardness and hydrophobicity. Vehicle should not get wet during cure.

Layering

Applying multiple coats of ceramic coating for increased thickness, durability, and performance. Each layer must cure before applying the next. Professional installations often include 2-3 layers.

Toppers / Maintenance Coatings

Spray-on SiO2 products designed to maintain and boost existing ceramic coating performance. Easier to apply than full coatings and refresh hydrophobic properties. Recommended every 3-6 months.

Paint Decontamination

Essential pre-coating process removing embedded contaminants (iron particles, tar, tree sap) from paint surface using clay bars, chemical decontaminants, or detailing clay mitts. Ensures proper coating bonding.

IPA Wipedown (Isopropyl Alcohol)

Final preparation step before coating application, using diluted isopropyl alcohol to remove polishing oils and ensure a completely clean surface. Critical for proper coating adhesion and longevity.

Graphene Coating

Advanced ceramic coating incorporating graphene (carbon sheets) for enhanced properties. Offers better heat dissipation, improved water behavior, and reduced water spotting compared to traditional SiO2 coatings.

General Automotive & Service Terms

Two-Tone / Dual-Tone

Customization using two different colors or finishes on different sections of the vehicle. Common combinations include black roof with colored body, or contrasting hood/body colors. Creates distinctive, premium appearance.

OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer)

Parts or standards that match factory specifications. OEM appearance means installed work looks like it came from the factory. Reference standard for quality installations.

Prep Work / Surface Preparation

Critical steps before any installation: washing, decontamination, paint correction, panel removal, etc. Proper prep ensures longevity and quality of final result. Often 50%+ of total installation time.

Squeegee

Tool used to remove air bubbles and excess water/solution during film installation. Different hardness levels and edge types for various applications. Proper squeegee technique prevents scratches and ensures proper adhesion.

Heat Gun

Tool providing controlled heat to make vinyl and PPF more pliable for wrapping complex curves and contours. Also activates self-healing properties and aids in film removal. Temperature control is critical.

Outgassing

Release of trapped air or moisture from beneath film after installation. Normal within first 24-48 hours, appearing as small bubbles. These typically dissipate on their own as film cures.

Lifting / Peeling

When film edges separate from the surface, usually due to improper installation, inadequate surface prep, or environmental exposure. Should be addressed promptly to prevent further damage.

Delamination

Separation of film layers from each other or from the adhesive layer. Usually indicates low-quality film or improper storage. Quality films should not delaminate within their rated lifespan.

Two-Bucket Method

Recommended car washing technique using one bucket for soapy water and another for rinsing wash media. Prevents dirt from being reintroduced to paint surface, reducing scratches and swirl marks.

pH Neutral

Cleaning products with neutral pH (around 7) that won't damage protective coatings, vinyl, or PPF. Recommended for all protected vehicles. Avoid harsh alkaline or acidic cleaners.